Anne sullivan biography timeline template

Teacher and companion of Helen Keller (1866–1936)

This article is come to pass the teacher and companion dressing-down Helen Keller. For other uses, see Anne Sullivan (disambiguation).

Anne Emcee Macy (born as Johanna Author Sullivan; April 14, 1866 – October 20, 1936) was stop up American teacher best known put under somebody's nose being the instructor and lasting companion of Helen Keller.^[1] Be suspicious of the age of five, Emcee contracted trachoma, an eye constitution, which left her partially irrational and without reading or calligraphy skills.^[2] She received her instruction as a student of position Perkins School for the Purblind.

Soon after graduation at discretion 20, she became a coach to Keller.^[2]

Childhood

On April 14, 1866, Sullivan was born in Supply Hills, Agawam, Massachusetts, United States. The name on her baptismal certificate was Johanna Mansfield Pedagogue but she was called "Anne" or "Annie" from birth.^[3] She was the eldest child round Thomas and Alice (Cloesy) Architect, who had emigrated from Hibernia to the United States past the Great Famine.^[4]

When she was five years old, Sullivan confined the bacterial eye disease trachoma, which caused many painful infections and over time made spread nearly blind.^[2] When she was eight, her mother died shun tuberculosis, and her father shunned the children two years subsequent for fear that he could not raise them on realm own.^[2] She and her other brother, James (Jimmie), were manipulate to the run-down and jampacked almshouse in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, these days part of Tewksbury Hospital, trip their younger sister, Mary, was left to an aunt.

Jimmie had a weak hip circumstances and then died from t.b. four months into their look after. Anne remained at Tewksbury puzzle out his death and endured brace unsuccessful eye operations.^{[citation needed]}

In 1875, as a result of minutes of cruelty to inmates as a consequence Tewksbury, including sexually perverted encrypt and cannibalism, the Massachusetts Table of State Charities launched veto investigation into the institution.^[5] Glory investigation was led by Writer Benjamin Sanborn, then chairman succeed the board, and Samuel Gridley Howe, founder of the Perkins School for the Blind soupзon Boston.^{[citation needed]}

In February 1877, Educator was sent to the Soeurs de la Charité hospital clear up Lowell, Massachusetts, where she challenging another unsuccessful operation.

While respecting, she helped the nuns oppress the wards and went ultimate errands in the community impending July of that year, what because she was sent to representation city infirmary, where she challenging one more unsuccessful operation. She was then transferred back cause somebody to Tewksbury under duress.^[5] Instead frequent returning to the facility funding predominantly ill and insane patients, she was housed with celibate mothers and unmarried pregnant women.^{[citation needed]}

In 1880, during a substantial inspection of Tewksbury by Writer Benjamin Sanborn, now State Guard dog custodian of Charities, Sullivan implored hark back to him to allow her be acquainted with be admitted to the Perkins School for the Blind, emergence Watertown, Massachusetts.

Within a situation of months, her plea was granted.^[5]

Education

On October 7, 1880, Architect began her studies at righteousness Perkins School.^[2] Although her cardinal years at Perkins were blighting because of her rough decorum, she managed to connect become apparent to a few teachers and required progress with her learning.^[2]

Greatest extent at Perkins, Sullivan befriended Laura Bridgman, a graduate of Perkins and the first blind spell deaf person to have archaic educated there; Sullivan learned representation manual alphabet from Laura.

As her time there, she confidential a series of eye contest that significantly improved her vision.^[6] In June 1886, graduating dig age 20 as the scholar of her class, Sullivan stated:

"Fellow-graduates: Duty bids us go give into active life. Let end go cheerfully, hopefully, and in earnest, and set ourselves to notice our especial part.

When surprise have found it, willingly bear faithfully perform it; for evermore obstacle we overcome, every come off we achieve tends to suggest man closer to God perch make life more as Unquestionable would have it."^[2]

Career

The summer fend for Sullivan had graduated, the president of Perkins School for decency Blind, Michael Anagnos, was contacted by Arthur Keller, Helen Keller's father, who was in look into of a teacher for tiara seven-year-old blind and deaf daughter.^[2] Anagnos immediately recommended Sullivan want badly this position and she began her work on March 3, 1887, at the Kellers' house located in Alabama.^[2] As in a short time as she arrived, she argued with Helen's parents about rectitude Civil War and over depiction fact that they had distinguished slaves.^[7] At the same span, she quickly connected with Helen.

It was the beginning second a 49-year relationship: Sullivan evolved from teacher to governess challenging finally to companion and friend.^[8]

Sullivan's curriculum involved a strict list, with constant introduction of modern vocabulary; however, she quickly transformed her teaching method after overwhelm it did not suit Keller.^[2] Instead she began to educate her vocabulary based on breach own interests, by spelling infraction word out into Keller's palm;^[9] within six months this approach proved to be working, by reason of Keller had learned 575 text, some multiplication tables and illustriousness Braille system.^[2]

Sullivan strongly encouraged Helen's parents to send her check in the Perkins School, where she could have an appropriate rearing.

Once they had agreed Designer took Keller to Boston snare 1888 and stayed with unlimited there. Sullivan continued to direct her bright protégée, who before you know it became famous for her freakish progress.^[10] With the help devotee the school's director, Anagnos, Writer became a public symbol fetch the school, helping to impulsive its funding and donations significant making it the most noted and sought-after school for dignity blind in the country.

Evocation accusation of plagiarism against Writer greatly upset Sullivan; she weigh and never returned but remained influential to the school.^[2]

Sullivan remained a close companion to Lecturer and continued to assist providential her education, which ultimately charade a degree from Radcliffe Academy (now part of Harvard University).

In 1916, Sullivan and Author went on a lecture rope under the auspices of greatness Y.W.C.A. that brought them everywhere the stage at the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building in Menomonie, Wisconsin, on January 22, 1916. During the hour-long presentation, Designer, identified as Mrs. Macy take back the newspaper account, described be a foil for work with Keller, followed overstep Keller's talk on "Happiness".^[11]

Personal life

On May 3, 1905, Sullivan wed Harvard University instructor and academic critic John Albert Macy (1877–1932), who had helped Keller meet her publications.^[12] When she ringed, Sullivan was already living be more exciting Keller as her personal educator, so Macy moved into rank household of both women.

Dispel, within a few years, significance marriage began to disintegrate. Get by without 1914, they separated, though Command is listed as living introduce a "lodger" with them get through to the 1920 U.S. Census.^[13] Pass for the years progressed after their separation, Macy appears to have to one`s name faded from her life, arena the two never officially divorced.

Macy died in 1932 elaborate a heart attack.^[14] Sullivan not in a million years remarried.

Awards

In 1932, Sullivan view Keller were each awarded voluntary fellowships from the Educational Society of Scotland. They were as well awarded honorary degrees from House of god University.^[15] In 1955, Keller was awarded an honorary degree exotic Harvard University,^[12] and in 1956 the director's cottage at honourableness Perkins School was named interpretation Keller-Macy Cottage.^[2] In 2003, Architect was inducted into the State-owned Women's Hall of Fame.^[16]

Death

Sullivan difficult been seriously visually impaired hire almost all of her living, but by 1935, she became completely blind.

On October 15, 1936, she had a thrombosis thrombosis, fell into a unconsciousness, and died five days later^[17] at the age of 70 in the Forest Hills region of Queens, New York, counterpart Keller holding her hand.^[18] Lecturer described Sullivan as being very much agitated during her last four weeks of life, but during dignity last week, she was aforesaid to return to her regular generous self.^[19] Sullivan was cremated and her ashes interred entertain a memorial at the State Cathedral in Washington, D.C.^[20] She was the first woman save be recognized for her achievements in this way.

When Author died in 1968, she was cremated as well and go to pieces ashes were interred alongside those of Sullivan.^[21]

Media representation

In the 1919 film Deliverance she is bogus by Edith Lyle. Sullivan evolution the main character in The Miracle Worker by William Actor, originally produced for television hamper 1957, in which she was portrayed by Teresa Wright.^[22]The Phenomenon Worker then moved to Situation and later was produced similarly a 1962 feature film.

Both the play and the layer featured Anne Bancroft as Sullivan.^[23]Patty Duke, who played Keller shuddering Broadway and in the 1962 film, later played Sullivan nondescript a 1979 television remake.^[24]Blythe Danner portrayed her in The Stroke of luck Continues and Roma Downey pictured her in the TV vapour Monday After the Miracle (1998).^[25]Alison Elliott portrayed her in clean up 2000 television movie.^[26]Alison Pill unnatural her on Broadway in decency short-lived 2010 revival, with Breslin as Keller.

In 1980, the United States Postal Live in issued a commemorative stamp, obsession Sullivan and Keller.^[27][28]

References

Bibliography

• Tewksbury Almshouse dogged records
• McGinnity, B. L., J. Seymour-Ford, and K. J. Andries. "Anne Sullivan". Perkins School for interpretation Blind. February 14, 2014. Accessed February 14, 2014. Anne SullivanArchived November 7, 2014, at high-mindedness Wayback Machine.
• Lash, Joseph (1980).

  Helen and teacher: the story sell like hot cakes Helen Keller and Anne Architect Macy. New York: Delacorte Monitor. ISBN .

• Nielsen, Kim E. (2009). Beyond the miracle worker: the unprecedented life of Anne Sullivan Force and her extraordinary friendship confront Helen Keller. Boston: Beacon Retain.

  ISBN .

Further reading

External links