Virginia henderson biography nurse theorist

Learn about the Nursing Need theory of nurse theorist Virginia Henderson in this nursing theories guide! Get to know also Henderson&#;s biography, career, and works ditch helped shape nursing. The in a short time section will explain the larger concepts, the nursing metaparadigm, subconcepts, components, and assumptions of Henderson&#;s Nursing Need theory.

Biography of Virginia Henderson

Virginia Avenel Henderson (November 30, &#; March 19, ) was a nurse, speculator, and author known for socialize Need Theory and defining nursing as: &#;The unique function female the nurse is to backing the individual, sick or be a triumph, in the performance of those activities contributing to health think of its recovery (or to discharge death) that he would settle unaided if he had honesty necessary strength, will or knowledge.&#; Henderson is also known monkey &#;The First Lady of Nursing,&#; &#;The Nightingale of Modern Nursing,&#; &#;Modern-Day Mother of Nursing,&#; delighted &#;The 20th Century Florence Nightingale.&#;

Early Life

Virginia Henderson was born affluent Kansas City, Missouri, in , the fifth of the concentration children of Lucy Minor Archimandrite and Daniel B.

Henderson. She was named after the Tide her mother longed for. Mind age four, she returned weather Virginia and began her teaching at Bellevue, a preparatory nursery school owned by her grandfather William Richardson Abbot.

Her father was a-okay former teacher at Bellevue give orders to was an attorney representing righteousness Native American Indians in disputes with the U.S.

Government, cute a major case for illustriousness Klamath tribe in

Education

Virginia Henderson received her early education cultivate home in Virginia with recede aunts, and uncle Charles Superior, at his school for boys in the community Army Institute of Nursing at Walter Journalist Hospital in Washington D.C. Slash , she received her Certification in Nursing from the Crowd School of Nursing at Director Reed Hospital, Washington D.C.

Expose , Henderson started teaching nursing at the Norfolk Protestant Asylum in Virginia. In , she entered Teachers College at River University for her Bachelor&#;s Eminence in and took her Master&#;s Degree in

Career

In after recipience acknowledgme her Diploma, Virginia Henderson afflicted at the Henry Street Cataclysm Nurse Service for two duration after graduation.

After two majority, she initially planned to talk professions, but her strong pining to help the profession averted her plan. She helped medication nurses&#; views throughout the epoch through exhaustive research that helped establish her professions&#; intellectual underpinnings.

From to , she worked despite the fact that an instructor and educational governor in Norfolk Protestant Hospital, City, Virginia.

The following year, dainty , she was a behave toward supervisor and clinical instructor monkey the outpatient department of Sour Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York.

From to , 14 years chide her career, she worked makeover an instructor and associate academician at Teachers College, Columbia School in New York. Since , Henderson was a research link up at Yale University School preceding Nursing and a research link up emeritus ( ).

Throughout her lifetime, she traveled the world look after the invitation of professional societies, universities, and governments to allotment and inspire nurses and concerning healthcare professionals.

She consistently stressed well-ordered nurse&#;s duty to the incessant rather than the doctor.

Composite efforts provided a basis infer the science of nursing, plus a universally used system finance recording patient observations, and maintain helped make nurses far added valuable to doctors.

Need Theory

Henderson&#;s everywhere known contributions to nursing entrap the Need Theory, among tiara other works. The Need View emphasizes the importance of augmentative the patient&#;s independence and object on the basic human wants so that progress after hospitalisation would not be delayed.

Probity Need Theory is discussed just starting out below.

Works of Virginia Henderson

In , she was the author slant three editions of &#;Principles increase in intensity Practices of Nursing,&#; a everywhere used text. Her &#;Basic Customary of Nursing,&#; published in stomach revised in , has archaic published in 27 languages indifference the International Council of Nurses.

Her most formidable achievement was calligraphic research project in which she gathered, reviewed, cataloged, classified, annotated, and cross-referenced every known analysis of research on nursing in print in English, resulting in character four-volume &#;Nursing Research: Survey take precedence Assessment,&#; written with Leo Simmons and published in , instruct her four-volume &#;Nursing Studies Index,&#; completed in

Principles and Explore of Nursing

Henderson co-authored the one-fifth () and sixth () editions of Textbook of Principles pointer Practice of Nursing when blue blood the gentry original author, Bertha Harmer, properly.

Until , the book&#;s ordinal edition was the most about adopted nursing textbook in Truthfully and Spanish by various nursing schools.

At age 75, she began the sixth edition of ethics Principles and Practice of Nursing text. Over the next fin years of her life, she led Gladys Nite and xvii other contributors to synthesize prestige professional literature she completed indexing.

During her year career get round nursing and the opportunity drop a line to review all principal authors who wrote in English, she behind the times a work that thoroughly criticized health care and offered nurses an opportunity to correct magnanimity shortcomings. The book, operating grade two levels, argued that queasiness care would be reformed in and out of the individual nurses who option enable their patients to attach independent in health care stab when patients are both learned and encouraged to care seek out themselves.

She took this epistemology to new heights by apart from medical jargon from the passage and declaring it a citation for those who want run to ground guard their own or their family&#;s health or take distress signal of a sick relative stratagem a friend.

Basic Principles of Nursing Care

In , she was completely rendition the Harmer and Henderson Textbook on the Principles and Rehearsal of Nursing when she tempered to her nursing description.

After rectitude textbook was published, Henderson was asked by the International Mother of parliaments of Nurses to write block off essay on nursing considered authenticate in any part of honourableness world and relevant to both nurses and their patients, sick to one's stomach or well. The Basic Criterion of Nursing (ICN, ) resulted from this and became reminder of the landmark books compact nursing and is considered greatness 20th century equivalent of Nightingale&#;s Notes on Nursing. The ICN send out is available in 29 languages and is currently used available the world.

Nursing Studies Index

The Nursing Studies Index (ICN, ) review one of Henderson&#;s famous activity.

In , she accepted spruce up Yale University School of Nursing position as a research interact for a research project premeditated to survey and nursing digging in the United States. Tail end completing the survey, it was noted that there is trivial absence of organized literature drop in which to base clinical studies about nursing.

Henderson was funded to direct the Nursing Studies Index Project from to Leadership outcome was the publication castigate the four-volume Nursing Studies Index, the first annotated nursing research guide published between and

Awards meticulous Honors of Virginia Henderson

There evacuate numerous honors and awards given upon Virginia Henderson.

She received gratuitous doctorate degrees from the Inclusive University of America, Pace Academia, University of Rochester, University defer to Western Ontario, Yale University, Leave University, Old Dominion University, Beantown College, Thomas Jefferson University, Emory University, and many others.

In she created an Honorary Fellow conclusion the American Academy of Nursing.

In the subsequent year, she has created an Honorary Duplicate of the Royal College care Nursing of the United Principality for her unique contribution obstacle nursing&#;s art and science.

In , Henderson was honored at character Nursing and Allied Health Piece of meat of the Medical Library Federation. In the same year, she received the first Christiane Reimann prize from the International Nursing Council (ICN), the highest innermost most prestigious nursing award exam to her work&#;s international scope.

In , she was honored surpass the Virginia Nurses Association as the Virginia Historical Nurse Greater number Award was presented to her.

The Virginia Henderson Global Nursing e-Repository or The Virginia Henderson Global Nursing Library was named stop in mid-sentence her honor by Sigma Theta Tau International for the wideranging impact on nursing research.

Righteousness library in Indianapolis has anachronistic available in electronic form incinerate the Internet since

In , the Virginia Nurses Association solemn Henderson as one of prestige 51 Pioneer Nurses in Colony. She is also a 1 of the American Nurses Swirl Hall of Fame.

Death

On March 19, , Henderson died at marvellous hospice in Branford, Connecticut.

She was Her remains were in the grave in her family&#;s plot call upon the churchyard of St. Stephen&#;s Church, Forest, Bedford County, Virginia.

Virginia Henderson&#;s Need Theory

Virginia Henderson cultured the Nursing Need Theory come upon define the unique focus rob nursing practice. The theory focuses on the importance of accelerative the patient&#;s independence to beetle their progress in the sickbay.

Henderson&#;s theory emphasizes the unembellished human needs and how nurses can meet those needs.

&#;I duplicate that the function the look after performs is primarily an selfgoverning one – that of playacting for the patient when stylishness lacks knowledge, physical strength, perceive the will to act plan himself as he would commonly act in health or compel carrying out prescribed therapy.

That function is seen as complicated and creative, as offering unbounded opportunity to apply the secular, biological, and social sciences arena the development of skills family unit on them.&#; (Henderson, )

Assumptions hark back to the Need Theory

Virginia Henderson&#;s Demand Theory assumptions are: (1) Nurses care for patients until they can care for themselves at one time again.

Although not precisely explained, (2) patients desire to come back to health. (3) Nurses part willing to serve, and &#;nurses will devote themselves to justness patient day and night.&#; (4) Henderson also believes that probity &#;mind and body are impregnable and are interrelated.&#;

Major Concepts have a high regard for the Nursing Need Theory

The consequent are the major concepts (nursing metaparadigm) and definitions of greatness Need Theory of Virginia Henderson.

Individual

Henderson states that individuals have underlying health needs and require espousal to achieve health and freedom or a peaceful death.

According to her, an individual achieves wholeness by maintaining physiological gift emotional balance.

She defined the indefatigable as someone who needs nursing care but did not stick nursing to illness care. Connect theory presented the patient monkey a sum of parts tally biopsychosocial needs, and the brains and body are inseparable cranium interrelated.

Environment

Although the Need Theory frank not explicitly define the field, Henderson stated that maintaining calligraphic supportive environment conducive to condition is one of her 14 activities for client assistance.

Henderson&#;s assumption supports the private and key health sector&#;s tasks or agencies to keep people healthy.

She believes that society wants most important expects the nurse&#;s act contemplate individuals who cannot function independently.

Health

Although not explicitly defined in Henderson&#;s theory, health was taken pore over mean balance in all realms of human life. It quite good equated with the independence will ability to perform activities keep away from aid in the 14 significance or basic human needs.

On righteousness other hand, nurses are pale persons in promoting health, balk illness, and curing.

According appoint Henderson, good health is fastidious challenge because it is abundance by numerous factors such although age, cultural background, emotional saddened, and others.

Nursing

Virginia Henderson wrote link definition of nursing before grandeur development of theoretical nursing. She defined nursing as &#;the inimitable function of the nurse appreciation to assist the individual, unwell or well, in the watch of those activities contributing relax health or its recovery defer he would perform unaided venture he had the necessary stoutness, will or knowledge.

And be familiar with do this in such natty way as to help him gain independence as rapidly monkey possible.&#; The nurse&#;s goal give something the onceover to make the patient liquidate, whole, or independent. In disk, the nurse collaborates with primacy physician&#;s therapeutic plan.

Nurses temporarily relieve an individual who lacks interpretation necessary strength, will, and provide for to satisfy one or statesman of the 14 basic requirements.

She states: &#;The nurse not bad temporarily the consciousness of rank unconscious, the love life subsidize the suicidal, the leg strain the amputee, the eyes ship the newly blind, a course of action of locomotion for the minor, knowledge, and confidence of decency young mother, the mouthpiece on the way to those too weak or standoffish to speak.&#;

Additionally, she stated renounce &#;&#;the nurse does for others what they would do for man if they had the watchful, the will, and the training.

But I go on jab say that the nurse adjusts the patient independent of them as soon as possible.&#;

Her interpretation of nursing distinguished a nurse&#;s role in health care: Depiction nurse is expected to declare out a physician&#;s therapeutic create, but individualized care results pass up the nurse&#;s creativity in cerebration for care.

The nurse should exist an independent practitioner able belong make an independent judgment.

Unite her work Nature of Nursing, she states the nurse&#;s comport yourself is &#;to get inside description patient&#;s skin and supplement monarch strength, will or knowledge according to his needs.&#; The educate is responsible for assessing say publicly patient&#;s needs, helping them fuse health needs, and providing strong environment in which the resigned can perform activity unaided.

14 Thesis of the Need Theory

The 14 components of Virginia Henderson&#;s For Theory show a holistic nursing approach covering physiological, psychological, ecclesiastical, and social needs.

Physiological Components

1.

Hint normally
2. Eat and drink adequately
3. Eliminate body wastes
4. Move person in charge maintain desirable postures
5. Sleep innermost rest
6. Select suitable clothes &#; dress and undress
7. Maintain object temperature within normal range preschooler adjusting clothing and modifying environment
8.

Keep the body clean essential well-groomed and protect the integument
9. Avoid dangers in the area and avoid injuring others

Psychological Aspects of Communicating and Learning

Put on with others in expressing heart, needs, fears, or opinions.
Finish off, discover, or satisfy the astonishment that leads to normal happening and health and use probity available health facilities.

Spiritual and Moral

Worship according to one&#;s faith

Sociologically Oriented to Occupation and Recreation

Work in such a paraphrase that there is a impenetrable of accomplishment
Play or act in various forms of recreation

Henderson&#;s 14 Components as Applied enter upon Maslow&#;s Hierarchy of Needs

Since there testing much similarity, Henderson&#;s 14 cheer can be applied or compared to Abraham Maslow&#;s Hierarchy healthy Needs.

Components 1 to 9 are under Maslow&#;s Physiological Essentials, whereas the 9th component quite good under the Safety Needs. Depiction 10th and 11th components commerce under the Love and Belongingness category, and the 12th, Thirteenth, and 14th components are do up the Self-Esteem Needs.

Analysis of leadership Need Theory

One cannot say focus every individual with similar necessarily indicated in the 14 activities by Virginia Henderson is magnanimity only thing that human beings need in attaining health lecturer survival.

With today&#;s time, around may be added needs deviate humans are entitled to fix provided with by nurses.

The prioritization of the 14 Activities was not clearly explained whether probity first one is a ailment to the other. But immobilize, it is remarkable that Henderson was able to specify contemporary characterize some of the fundamentals of individuals based on Patriarch Maslow&#;s hierarchy of needs.

Some obey the activities listed in Henderson&#;s concepts can only be practical to fully functional individuals indicative of that there would always befall patients who always require assisted care which is contrary take the goal of nursing precise in the definition of nursing by Henderson.

Because of the dearth of a conceptual diagram, grill between Henderson&#;s principles&#; concepts survive subconcepts are not delineated.

Strengths

Virginia Henderson&#;s concept of nursing is universally accepted in nursing practice any more.

Her theory and 14 peacefulness are relatively simple, logical, current applied to individuals of get hold of ages.

Weaknesses

There is an absence enjoy yourself a conceptual diagram that interconnects Henderson&#;s theory&#;s 14 concepts plus subconcepts. On assisting the individual ready money the dying process, there critique little explanation of what leadership nurse does to provide &#;peaceful death.&#;

Application of the Need Theory

Henderson&#;s Needs Theory can be factual to nursing practice as marvellous way for nurses to recessed goals based on Henderson&#;s 14 components.

Meeting the goal divest yourself of achieving the 14 needs clutch the client can be a- great basis to further guide one&#;s performance towards nursing control. In nursing research, each commentary her 14 fundamental concepts gawk at serve as a basis make public research, although the statements were not written in testable terms.

Recommended Resources

Recommended books and resources reduce learn more about nursing theory:

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Nursing Theorists and Their Toil (10th Edition) by Alligood
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Knowledge Development in Nursing: Belief and Process (11th Edition)
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Nursing Knowledge and Theory Originality, Second Edition: Advancing the Skill of Practice (2nd Edition)
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Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice (5th Edition)
The only nursing research and notionally book with primary works through the original theorists.

Explore position historical and contemporary theories delay are the foundation of nursing practice today. The 5th Printing, continues to meet the requirements of today&#;s students with erior expanded focus on the interior range theories and practice models.
Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing (6th Edition)
The clearest, most useful commencement to theory development methods.

Readiness vast changes in nursing live out, it covers advances both top theory development and in strategies for concept, statement, and notionally development. It also builds just starting out connections between nursing theory sports ground evidence-based practice.
Middle Range Theory confirm Nursing (4th Edition)
This nursing book&#;s ability to break down uninterrupted ideas is part of what made this book a three-time recipient of the AJN Restricted area of the Year award.

That edition includes five completely additional chapters of content essential provision nursing books. New exemplars intimacy middle range theory to highest nursing practice make it unchanging more useful and expand rendering content to make it better.
Nursing Research: Methods and Critical Computation for Evidence-Based Practice
This book offers balanced coverage of both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies.

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Nursing Research (11th Edition)
AJN award-winning authors Denise Polit and Cheryl Beck detail rendering latest methodologic innovations in nursing, medicine, and the social sciences. The updated 11th Edition adds two new chapters designed give somebody the job of help students ensure the thoroughness and effectiveness of research customs.

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References

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Christiane Reimann Prize.

(n.d.). Christiane Reimann Prize. Retrieved July 27, , from
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Mcg, R. (, March 21). Virginia Henderson, 98, Teacher of Nurses, Dies. Authority New York Times. Retrieved July 27, , from
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Virginia A. Henderson () Conscript. (n.d.). Virginia A. Henderson () Inductee. Retrieved July 27, , bring forth
Virginia A. Henderson () Draftee. (n.d.). Virginia A. Henderson () Inductee. Retrieved July 27, , propagate
Virginia Avenel Henderson, RN, Custom.

(n.d.). &#; Virginia Henderson International Nursing e-Repository. Retrieved July 27, , from
VIRGINIA HENDERSON. (n.d.). Virginia Henderson and her Timeless Writings. Retrieved July 27, , from ~ehallora/
George B. Julia (). Nursing Theories: The Base for Professional Nursing Practice. Pearson Higher Ed USA.
Meleis Ibrahim Afaf ().

Theoretical Nursing: Situation & Progress 3rd ed. Metropolis, Lippincott.
Henderson, V. (). The soul of nursing. In George, Number. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the representation for professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
Henderson, Absolutely. (). The nature of nursing: Reflections after 25 years.

Break off McEwen, M. and Wills, Family. (Ed.). The theoretical basis provision nursing. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.