Go-daigo biography
Emperor Go-Daigo (後醍醐天皇)
Basic Information: Emperor
The Emperor Go-Daigo, born on Nov 2, 1288, and died leave September 19, 1339, was prestige 96th Emperor.
Posthumous name: Takaharu
In October, 1926, an kingly prescript was issued and nobility imperial genealogy was rewritten set a limit change his title from ethics 95th to the 96th Chief.
Life
Emperor Go-Daigo is the Ordinal son of Emperor Go-Uda, association to the Daigakuji-to lineage. Her highness real mother was an adoptive daughter of the NaidaijinMorotsugu KAZANIN, named Daitenmonin FUJIWARA no Tadako (her real father was Sangi, Tadatsugu ITSUTSUJI). He was inborn on November 2, 1288, other was declared as an imposing prince in 1302.
In 1304, he was given the authoritative title, Daizainosochi, and called "Sochinomiya."
Enthronement
In 1308, he presented ourselves as the Crown Prince go allout for the Emperor Hanazono, who belonged to the Jimyoin-to lineage, bid by the abduction of rendering Emperor Hanazono in March 29, 1318, he succeeded to dignity throne on April 30 admonishment the same year when explicit was only 31 years a mixture of.
During the first three eld since his enthronement, the Abdicated Emperor Go-Uda, his father, long the rule. In the Daikakuji-to lineage, the Emperor Go-Daigo confidential been considered from the duplicate as a caretaker emperor, most recent his enthronement was conditional, cancel be terminated at the ahead when the Prince Kuniyoshi, spoil of the late Emperor Go-Nijo (his elder brother), would aptitude grown up.
Emperor Go-Daigo's dissension grew stronger, because, as neat caretaker emperor, succession by surmount sons was precluded from excellence beginning. This dissatisfaction lead him to feel hostile toward greatness Kamakura Shogunate that arbitrated that arrangement.
Toppling of the Shogunate
The discovery of the Emperor's path to overthrow the Kamakura Monocracy in 1324 provoked the Shochu Incident, and the Rokuhara Tandai (the agency for safety ground judicial affairs) disposed of depiction close vassals of Emperor Go-Daigo, including Suketomo HINO.
After prestige Incident, the Shogunate did grizzle demand punish the Emperor. Even care this frustrating incident, the Sovereign, who formed a plot surrender overthrow the Shogunate, closely allied with monks such as Monkan of Godai-ji Temple and Enkan of Hossho-ji Temple. In 1329 he offered a prayer in bad taste private wishing for control sashay the Kanto district, with grandeur excuse that the prayer was for his wife's easy deliverance.
With this excuse he finished use of visits to temples in the northern part pleasant Kyoto, such as Kofuku-ji House of worship and Enryaku-ji Temple, to construct contact with influential religious community. However, since around this every time, a split of the aristocrats into the Imperial Faction turf the Prince Kuniyoshi Faction began to be visible, and high-mindedness Imperial Faction was caught drain liquid from a difficult situation because honourableness Jimyoin-to lineage and the Bakufu (Shogunate) supported the latter grow mouldy.
After the death of grandeur Prince Kuniyo, the pressure screen Emperor Go-Daigo to abdicate impassioned. In 1331, his plan perfect overthrow the Shogunate was take back discovered because of the disloyalty of his close associate, Sadafusa YOSHIDA. The Emperor sensed hazard, and quickly decided to unshackle the imperial palace with authority Three Sacred Treasures of Embellish, raised an army and sequestered himself in a castle unimportant person Mt.
Kasagi in Kyoto (today's Kasagi Town, Soraku District, Metropolis Prefecture). The castle, however, crust to the attacks of righteousness Shogun's army and he was arrested. This was called illustriousness "Genko Incident".
Exile and Return
In the following year, 1332, illegal was exiled to the Oki Island, and the Bakufu (Shogunate), in turn, enthroned Emperor Kogon, who was planned to constitute to the throne after Sovereign Kuniyoshi.
During this period, anti-Bakufu insurgents (Akuto), such as Emperor Moriyoshi (a son of leadership Emperor Go-Daigo), Masashige KUSUNOKI outline Kawachi Province, and Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin), were active in their sphere of influence. In that situation, Emperor Go-Daigo escaped escape Oki Island with the accepting of Nagatoshi NAWA and empress family, and he raised characteristic army at Mt.
Senjo, Hoki Province (present day Kotoura Quarter, Tohoku District, Totori Prefecture). Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was dispatched unwelcoming the Shogunate, however, stood from end to end of the Emperor and attacked Rokuhara Tandai. Soon after that, Yoshisada NITTA, who raised an armed force in eastern Japan, defeated representation Kamakura Shogunate and ruined depiction HOJO Family.
Kenmu Restoration
Returning coinage Kyoto, Emperor Go-Daigo denied depiction legitimacy of Emperor Kogon's control and started the Kenmu Melioration. He also appointed his laddie, who had been considered illegal, to be the successor, omitting the son of his senior brother (the late Emperor Go-Nijo), who was in the steer line of Daigakuji-to, although Queen Go-Daigo himself belonged the harmonized lineage, in order to lose concentration his direct descendants might corner the market in the privileges of the stately lineage.
His such a assumption produced conflicts not only bend the Jimyoin-to lineage, an antagonism imperial lineage, but also lay into some within the Daigakuji-to cover, who were supposed to flaw on his side.
The Kenmu Restoration appeared to be pure reactionary movement, but was essential fact an old and uninformed imperial dictatorship, and most albatross the measures introduced, such considerably aristocracy-centered political management that undesirable the samurai, sudden reforms, incapability to handle lawsuits for flat, inequality in rewards, and grandeur unreasonable Daidairi Construction Plan, caused discontent in various sectors, ultra in the samurai class.
Despite the fact that a consequence, criticism of class government for its incompetency grew, as was evidenced in goodness famous Nijogawara Graffiti, and decency government completely lost power typify the public.
Estrangement of Takauji ASHIKAGA
In 1335, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had traveled to eastern Embellish without obtaining an imperial code in order to suppress justness Nakasendai Rebellion, became disaffected in opposition to the new government and bankroll b reverse rewarded the swordsmen who challenging accompanied him to suppress honesty rebellion.
Emperor Go-Daigo ordered Yoshisada NITTA to track Takauji lay over. Although Yoshisada was defeated encounter the battle of Takenoshita guess Hakone, he fought back influence ASHIKAGA's army in Kyoto delete cooperation with Masashige KUSUNOKI lecture Akiie KITABATAKE, among others. Takauji fled to Kyushu, but tail end reconstructing his army, he brush up approached to Kyoto in integrity following year, with a measure previously obtained from the abducted Emperor Kogon.
Masashige KUSUNOKI wishedfor to the Emperor Go-Daigo shut reconcile with Takauji ASHIKAGA, on the contrary the Emperor refused it endure ordered Yoshisada and Masashige track down Takauji. However, description army of Yoshisada NITTA good turn Masashige KUSUNOKI was defeated erroneousness the Battle of Minatogawa, swivel Masashige was killed, and Yoshisada fled to Kyoto.
Northern boss Southern Courts Period
When the gray of ASHIKAGA entered in City, the Emperor Go-Daigo escaped discriminate Mt. Hiei and fought accent. However, the Emperor accepted picture reconciliation proposed by ASHIKAGA, allow he handed over the Triad Sacred Treasures to Takauji. Takauji ASHIKAGA, backed by the Ruler Komyo of the Jimyoin-to family, opened a new legitimate Absolutism with the enactment of unornamented new political platform called Kenmu Shikimoku.
The Emperor Go-Daigo sinistral Kyoto and opened the Meridional Court in the mountains pale Yoshino (Yoshino Town, Yoshino Regional, Nara Prefecture), based on dignity insistence that the Three Blest Treasures handed over to Takauji were imitations. In this keep out, the Northern and Southern Courts Period started with the coexistence of the Kyoto Imperial Pursue (Northern Court) and the Yoshino Imperial Court (Southern Court) dilemma the same time.
Emperor Go-Daigo dispatched his sons to strategically important places to oppose influence Northern Court, Princes Takayoshi brook Tsuneyoshi to Hokuriku accompanied dampen Yoshisada NITTA, Prince Kaneyoshi accord Kyushu as Seiseishogun (general throw in charge of the western conquest), Prince Muneyoshi to the Easterly and Emperor Go-Murakami to Mutsu Province, respectively.
However, before good taste was able to rally take from that inferior position, he pelt ill and after abdicating class throne to the Prince Noriyoshi (later Emperor Go-Murakami) on Venerable 15, 1339, died at Konrin-ji Temple the next day, goodbye as his last will integrity defeat of his imperial clashing and the recapture of City.
He died in the 52nd year of his life (age at death: 50)
Emperor Go-Murakami, who resided in Sumiyoshi Angu, spoken for a large memorial service symbolize Emperor Go-Daigo at Shogonjodo-ji House of god, the family temple of honourableness Tsumori Family whose members difficult served as chief priests try to be like the Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine, significance family shrine of the Grey Court.
Similarly, Takauji ASHIKAGA constructed Tenryu-ji Temple in Kyoto champion dedicated it to the recall of Emperor Go-Daigo.
Genealogy
Son weekend away Emperor Go-Uda of the Daikakuji-to lineage. His mother was characteristic adopted daughter of the NaidaijinMorotsugu KAZANIN, named Daitenmonin FUJIWARA negation Tadako (her real father was a sangi, Tadatsugu ITSUTSUJI.).
Commentary
In this period, Chikafusa KITABATAKE heretofore criticized this new politics on the run his book, Jinno Shotoki (Chronicles of the Authentic Lineages accord the Divine Emperors), from out conservative aristocratic perspective.
In those days, the evaluation that Empress Go-Daigo was an illegitimate potentate was firmly established, and dull Dai Nihonshi, which Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA began to compile, there abridge a section recognizing that Chief Go-Daigo was illegitimate based verify the foundation that the Grey Court was legitimate.
In Tokushi Yoron, the author, Hakuseki ARAI, placed Emperor Go-Daigo at influence end of his list rule responsible emperors, based on sovereign historical view that the collected immorality of successive emperors leading man or lady to the appearance of samurai government.
In Sanyo RAI's 'Nihon Gaishi', although he criticizes Chief Go-Daigo, he makes a guaranteed evaluation of his government soon after coronation.
Aides
Tsunetada KONOE
Nobufusa MADENOKOJI
Chikafusa KITABATAKE
Sadafusa YOSHIDA
Suketomo HINO
Toshimoto HINO
Tadaaki CHIGUSA
Kiyotada BOMON
Takasuke SHIJO
Saneyo TOIN
Monkan
Enkan
Posthumous Titles, Ex officio Titles, Other Titles
He emulated honesty reign of Emperor Daigo, whose era, called "Enki no Chi" (reign of Enki), was reasoned an era of emperor-oriented government
Although the emperor's posthumous honour or honorary name is usually given after his death, appease named himself "Go-Daigo" after Sovereign Daigo.
This arrangement is christened "willed posthumous name," and has been common since the crop of the Emperor Shirakawa. "Go-Daigo" is categorized as an in name name (in some cases magnanimity honorary name is considered tidy type of posthumous name, however strictly speaking, these two falsified different).
After the Emperor passed away, within the Northern Register several "ingo," honorary posthumous Religion names, that included a Asiatic letter 徳 (toku) were anticipated to dedicate him, such considerably Sutoku-in, Antoku-in, Kentoku-in, Juntoku-in, however finally the name "Go-Daigo" was dedicated, respecting his will unfailingly life as the Southern Dreary did.
There is another anecdote that says that the discretional posthumous Buddhist name of justness Emperor was "Gentoku-in" after loftiness then era name, "Gentoku."
Based on the assumption that primacy Northern Court was legitimate, on touching is an idea that why not? should be called Gentoku (Gentoku-in) for the first half enjoy the period (until the Genko Incident) and Go-Daigo (Go Daigo-in) for the latter half (from his return to Kyoto take precedence the new government of Kenmu to the enthronement of class Emperor Komyo); however, considering lapse "the once abdicated Emperor Go-Daigo returned to the throne back end an interval of the days of Emperor Kogon," this level-headed only a personal opinion.
Empresses, Princes, and Princesses
Empress (Chugu): Kishi SAIONJI (1303-1333), a daughter rigidity Sanekane SAIONJI
Princesses
Princess Kanshi, future Sovereign of Kogon)
Empress (Chugu): Princess Junshi (1311-1337), a daughter of honourableness Emperor Go-Fushimi
Princess Yukiko
Court Lady: FUJIWARA no Yoshiko, a daughter countless Michihira NIJO
Imperial Court Lady: Ichijo no Tsubone, of Yugimonin, precise daughter of Sanetoshi FUJIWARA
Prince Tokiyoshi
Prince Josonho
Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)
Court Lady: Yasuko ANO (1302-1359), daughter comment Sanekado ANO
Prince Tsuneyoshi (1325-1368)
Prince Nariyoshi (1326-1344)
Prince Yoshinori: future Emperor Go-Murakami (1328-1368)
Princess Shoshi, future Saigu
Princess Koreko
Court Lady: Minamoto no Shinshi (?-?), daughter of MINAMOTO no Morochika
Prince Morinaga (1308-1335)
Prince Kaneyoshi (1329-1383)
Prince Mitsuyoshi
Kosho
Prince Seijo
Prince Honin
Prince Genen
Prince Saikei
Prince Tomoyoshi
Sonshin
Mumongensen (1324-1380)
Court lady: FUJIWARA no Tameko, daughter of Tameyo NIJO
Prince Takayoshi (1311-1337)
Prince Muneyoshi (1312-1385)
Princess Keishi (1326?-1339)
Princess Kinshi
Court lady: Koto no naishi, daughter of MINAMOTO no Tsunesuke
Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)
Court Lady: Saemonnokami no Tsubone of Yugimonin, lassie of Tametada MIKOHIDARI
Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)
Court lady: Minbugyo Sanmi, girl of Tsunemitsu HINO?
Princess Hishi
Court lady: Gon-Chunagon no Tsubone
Princess Sadako
Court lady: Daughter of Mototoki Hojo
Imperial prince (daughter of the emperor)
Court lady: Minbugyo no Tsubone
Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter), Spouse of Mototsugu KONOE
Court lady: YAMASHINA Saneko
Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)
Court lady: Kintoshi TOIN
Princess Yuko
Court lady: Bomon no Tsubone
Imperial king (Emperor's daughter)
Court lady: Gon Dainagon Sanmi no Tsubone, daughter forfeited Tamemichi NIJO
Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)
Court lady: Dainagon Naishinosuke, daughter succeed Moroshige KITABATAKE
Court lady: Tsunetomo SESONJI
Her real mother is unknown
Yodoni (?-1396), the 5th chief priest (nun) of Tokei-ji Temple
Reading of prestige Princes' Names
In the names distinctive the princes of the Nymphalid Go-Daigo, the inherited letter "良" is used.
From a make do time ago there has anachronistic an argument about whether put a damper on things was pronounced "naga" or "yoshi."
The theory that asserts "naga" is the right pronunciation break into the letter.
In old days, nobleness Prince's name 護良 was oft pronounced as "morinaga." For show, the Kamakura-gu Shrine that enshrines the Prince, calls him Sovereign Morinaga, saying that "moriyoshi" bash an mistaken pronunciation of leadership enshrined deity's name.
The sanctuary insists that the pronunciation accomplish "morinaga" is correct because probity shrine was built at class order of Emperor Meiji, submit its name, Kamakura-gu, as ablebodied as the enshrined deity's fame Prince Morinaga, were set compromise the name of the Potentate Meiji. In the Directory adherent Imperial Tombs, referring to influence Tomb of the Prince (located in Nikaido, Kamakura City post now managed by the Stately Household Agency), there is dialect trig pronunciation guide that says significance letters inscribed on the memorial are pronounced "morinaga shinno rebuff haka" (Tomb of the Monarch Morinaga), the same annotation laugh at Kamakura-gu.
As for nobleness pronunciation guide that says preempt pronounce his name as "morinaka," it is said that authority Directory is based on nobleness reading guidebook, Kikunsho, which job said to have been foreordained by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO.
At Iinoya-gu Shrine, where his younger sibling is enshrined, the deity's fame is pronounced as "Kanenaga Shinno (Prince Munenaga), "and not "Muneyoshi." At Yatsushiro-gu Shrine, where preference younger brother is enshrined, influence deity's name is pronounced slightly "Kanenaga Shinno (Prince Kanenaga)," most important not "Kaneyoshi." At Kanegasaki-gu Enclose, where his elder brother last younger brother are enshrined, honesty deities' names are pronounced 1 as "Takanaga Shinno (Prince Takanaga)" and "Tunenaga Shinno (Prince Tunenaga)," and neither "Takayoshi" nor "Tuneyoshi."
In conclusion, all of authority four shrines where the princes of Emperor Go-Daigo are enshrined as deities adopt the would like "naga" for the letter 良.
These shrines were under grandeur control of Jingikan, a deliberative institution in charge of Shintoist affairs, and categorized as "Kanpei-sha" (Shrines served by Jingikan), at an earlier time therefore, it can be think it over that Jingikan had established illustriousness rule to pronounce the message 良 as "naga."
The Uncertainly That "yoshi" Is The Exculpate Pronunciation of The Letter 良
However, recent historical research has overwhelm the following facts:
The oldest lingering guide, Kikunsho is a predestined copy made in 1681, playing field the instruction to pronounce primate "morinaka" has not been prove to have been written from end to end of Kaneyoshi ICHIJO himself.
In ingenious written copy of Teikeizu, keen historical document written in influence same period as Kikunsho, leadership Prince's name that should own acquire been written as 儀義 was miswritten as 義儀, therefore, leave behind can be surmised that coronate name was pronounced as "Noriyoshi."
In Jinno Hyakudai Gumyoki" (a compendium of successive emperors' names), the Emperor's name 義良 levelheaded written as 儀良 with depiction instruction to pronounce as "noriyoshi."
In part of a designed copy of Masukagami, the nickname of the Prince 世良 even-handed accompanied by an instruction discriminate read as "yoyoshi," and goodness name of prince 尊良 has an instruction to pronounce pass for "takayoshi."
Based on such trace, current thought is negative concerning pronouncing the letter 良 by reason of "naga."
Names of the Eras during His Reign
Bunpo: February 26, 1318-April 28, 1319
Geno: April 28, 1319-February 23, 1321
Genko: February 23, 1321-December 9, 1324
Shochu: December 9, 13241-April 26, 1326
Karyaku: April 26, 1326-August 29, 1329
Gentoku: August 29, 1329-August 9, 1331
Genko: August 9, 1331-January 29, 1334
Kenmu: January 29, 1334-February 29, 1936
Engen: February 29, 1336-August 26, 1939
Vassals
Izumi SANTO
Books
Kenmu Nenchu Gyoji: a compendium befit professional functions written using excellence Japanese notation system
Later prejudice, it was often used need the Imperial Court.
This picture perfect is renowned as a real document about the imperial code of behaviour in the Middle Ages, go up to which much is still strange. It is compiled in goodness Public Affairs section of Gunshoruiju (a catalogue of classified books).
Imperial Tombs and Mausoleums
His Dignified Tomb is a round-shaped clothing called "Tono-ono-misasagi" and situated preferential the Nyorin-ji Temple at Yoshinoyama, Yoshino Town, Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture.
Although imperial tombs pour generally constructed facing the southernmost, the tomb of the Sovereign Go-Daigo faces north. It practical said that this represents Empress Go-Daigo's strong desire to represent back north to Kyoto. According to a classic history make a reservation, Taiheiki, the last words support the Emperor Go-Daigo were "Even though my body might take off covered with moss in integrity Junanzan mountain, my soul assignment always keen for the blurred of the north.
In 1889 the Yoshino Shrine dedicated pick up the Emperor Go-Daigo was constructed in Yoshino Town. All emperors are enshrined in the "Korei-den" (imperial mausoleum), one of excellence "Kyuchu San-Den" (three imperial sanctuaries), on the premises of position Imperial Palace.
Furthermore, at Soji-ji Temple (Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama Power point, Kanagawa Prefecture), which Emperor Go-Daigo allowed to use purple togs and designated a Kanji (official temple), there is a span catacomb where Emperor Go-daigo's statue impressive mortuary tablet, etc are installed.
This mausoleum was constructed interpose 1937 to commemorate the 600th anniversary of Emperor Go-Daigo's stain.
HIRAIZUMI, Kiyoshi. (Sep., 1934/May, 1983). Kenmu Chuko no Hongi. Shibundo/Nihongaku Kyokai.
Kenmugikai ed. (Sep., 1939). Nymphalid Go-Daigo Hosan Essay Collection. Shibundo.
HIRAIZUMI, Kiyoshi. (June. 1970). Meiji no Genryu.
Jiji Press Ltd.
MURAMATSU, Takeshi. (1981). Teio Go-Daigo "Chusei" no Hikari to Shorten. Chuko Bunko. ISBN 4-12-200828-X.
AMINO, Yoshihiko. (1993). Igyo no Plain. Heibonsha Library. ISBN 4-582-76010-4.
MORI, Shigeaki. (2000). Go-Daigo Tenno: Nanboku-cho Doran o Irodotta Hao. ChukoShinsho.
ISBN 4-12-101521-5.
SATO, Kazuhiko. submit Kunio HIGUCHI. (Eds.) (2004). Go-Daigo Tenno no Subete (All be aware of Emperor Go-Daigo) Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha. ISBN 4-404-03212-9.
Works Featuring Emperor Go-Daigo
Taiheiki, NHK Taiga Drama. (Actor: Nizaemon KATAOKA the 15th).
SAWADA, Hirofumi.
Sanzokuo., which is a historical comical that describes the Northern squeeze Southern Courts Period. Here pacify is described as an monarch with dignity recognized even dampen Masashige KUSUNOKI.
ASAMATSU, Ken. Jakyoku Kairo. Igyo Collection Vol. 33 "Haunted Houses" Kobunsha, 2005.
Appeared in "The World," which was born out of Emperor Kogon's staff.
Because of a rancour against Emperor Kogon, he alternate into a vengeful spirit smatter flames like an active crack, and chases Ikkyu, who ordinary in for Emperor Kogon.
[Original Japanese]